1. Bronze-age civilizations
(2000 B.C- 12th century B.C. )
2. ‘The Dark Ages’
(12th century B.C.-8th century B.C.)
3. Classical Greek civilization
(8th century B.C- 4rd century B.C.)
4. Hellenistic world
(323 B.C.- 30 B.C.)
2) "The Dark Ages" (12th-8th Centuries BC)
• Urban decline and depopulation
• Fewer international contacts and less trade
• Simpler state structure
• No writing
• Art with simpler designs
Byzantine Manuscript
of Homer's Iliad
3) Classical Greek Civilization (8th-4th Centuries BC)
Changes After the Dark Ages and Their Contribution to Greek Democracy
•The rise of POLIS (POLIS)
•The rise of hoplite phalanx
•The rise of colonies and commercial expansion (accompanied by the rise of writing, and changes in art and architecture)
Athens Before 'Democracy'
-Council of elders
-Executive officials (archons)
-People’s assembly
Pictures below show the influence of Greek art in Egypt
Athenian Move Towards 'Democracy'
•Solon’s reforms after 600 B.C.
– Easing the burdens of debts on farmers
– giving citizenship rights to foreign merchants and artisans
– people’s assembly being opened to the poor, and rise in its powers
•Cleisthenes’ reforms after 500 B.C.
– making people’s assembly as the sole source of power
Athenian Democracy
The Assembly
The Council of 500
The Courts
Greco-Persian Wars
Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BC)
1.INVASION OF DARIUS (Dariyush)
•Battle of Marathon (490 B.C.)
2. INVASION OF XERXES (Shayarsha)
•Thermopylae victory for Greeks
(480 B.C.)
Significance: uniting Greeks
Polykleitos,
Disk-holder
5th Century BC
Myron
Disk-thrower
5th century BC
Praxieteles, Venus
4th Century BC
The Peloponnesian Wars (431-404 BC)
Peloponnesian League vs. Delian League
4) Hellenistic World (323-30 BC)
Alexander's Dream?
Mural from
Pompei, Italy
Pierre Narcisse
Guérin
Hellenistic World and its Difference from Classical Greece
•Political structure
•Economy and trade
•Urban life
•Culture and arts
Euclid's elements
Hipparchus
